有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的环境暴露与迁移转化研究进展

Progress in Environment Exposure,Transport and Transform of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants

有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)是目前被广泛使用的阻燃剂添加成份,其具有神经、生殖、基因等生物毒性,且具有致癌性。作为新一类污染物,有机磷酸酯在环境中越来越多的释放引起了环境研究者的关注。文章综述了OPEs在水体、土壤、空气和生物体中的暴露浓度,并介绍了OPEs在环境中的各种迁移转化途径。目前针对OPEs的环境暴露研究仍十分有限,需要更全面调查其在多环境介质中的暴露状况以综合评价其生态风险。OPEs的多种迁移途径已得到证实,但相关物理化学转化和生物转化机制研究尚不完整。最后对OPEs的进一步研究提出了展望,以期促进我国OPEs的生态风险研究。

Organophosphate esters （OPEs）, a group of phosphorus flame retardants, have been widely used recently as alternatives to brominated flame retardants （BFRs）, which have been shown to have potential neurotoxicity, reproductive to：deity and genotoxicity, and some OPEs are also carcinogenic. There is growing concem about OPEs as emerging contaminants with increasing environment emission. This article reviewed the occurrence and exposure of OPEs in water, air, soil and biota, as well as their environmental transport and transformation. Limited information is available on the environmental exposure of OPEs, especially for the biota. Multiple transport routes of OPEs have been validated and interpreted, however, information on physicochemical and biological transformation is limited. More researches should be done for the assessment of the contamination and impact of OPEs. At last, the prospects for research in multimedia environmental exposure prediction and further ecological risk assessment of OPEs have been put forward.