基于单探测器的低轨航天器X射线脉冲星导航算法

Algorithmfor X-ray Pulsar-based Navigation in LEO Spacecraft Using a Single Detector

近年来脉冲星自主导航技术飞速发展,即将在低轨道(LEO)航天器开展验证。为了适应低轨航天器载荷轻量化、小型化的需求,研究了基于单探测器的X射线脉冲星导航扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,并针对单脉冲星导航和轮流观测多脉冲星导航两种方案,分别进行了算法仿真。仿真结果表明,仅观测单脉冲星无法实现长期自主导航,但能够将轨道预报误差降低25.9%,提高短期自主导航精度。而单探测器轮流观测多脉冲星可实现长期自主导航,其导航误差达到514 m,与多探测器同时观测多脉冲星传统算法相当。

The technology of autonomous navigation by pulsars will soon be tested in LEO spacecraft as its rapid developments in recent years. Aiming at the demand for lighter and smaller payload on LEO spacecraft, the EKF algorithm for X-ray pulsar-based navigation using a single detector was studied. Algorithm simulations were performed in two methods below： navigation by observing one pulsar and by observing multiple pulsars in turns. The results showed that autonomous navigation by observing one pulsar could not last long, but the position error was decreased by 25.9% so that the short-time precision was improved a lot. Meanwhile, navigation by observing multiple pulsars in turns could run well for long, and the position error was 514 m, nearly equivalent to that of traditional al- gorithm by observing multiple pulsars simultaneously.