从“批判性讨论”的理想模型到具体情境中的论证性会话--“语用论辩术”论证理论的逐步发展

From Ideal Model of Critical Discussion to Situated Argumentative Discourse:The Step-by-step Development of the Pragma-dialectical Theory of Argumentation

在本文中,弗兰斯·范·爱默伦对语用论辩术理论的发展历程加以了概述,清晰说明了该理论如何从建构理想的"批判性讨论"模型,逐步和系统地发展到对真实论证实践中基本论证模式的探究。首先,他介绍了语用论辩术之"标准"理论的基本内容,该理论是以"论辩的合理性"为旨归的。进而,他概述了一些旨在巩固和完善语用论辩术"标准"理论的经验研究。之后,他讨论了语用论辩术的"扩展"理论,该理论的特点在于增加了探讨"取效性"的修辞学维度。随后,他介绍了一些与"遵从合理性来达到取效性"相关的经验研究,这些研究都是基于在"扩展"理论中所引入的"策略性操控"概念。最后,他说明了论证性会话所发生的"制度化语境"如何被纳入到了语用论辩术理论建构当中。进而,他对当前语用论辩术关于"典型论证模式"的研究加以了讨论,这些论证模式都关联于在特定语境中实施策略性操控的制度性先决条件。

Frans H. van Eemeren explains how the pragma-dialectical research program has progressed systematically from the development of an ideal model of critical discussion to the identification ofprototypical argumentative patterns in argumentative reality. First he draws attention to the main characteristics of the pragrna-dialectical ＂standard＂ the- ory of dialectical reasonableness. Next he sketches the consolidation of the standard theory by means analytical an empirical research. Then he discusses the ＂extended＂ pragrna-dialectical theory, with its inclusion of a rhetorical dimension of effectiveness. Subsequently he reports about empirical research of effectiveness through reasonable- ness that is made possible by the incorporation of the notion of strategic maneuvering in the extended theory. After explaining how the institutional context of argumentative dis- course is taken into account in the pragrna-dialectical theorizing, van Eemeren discusses the identification of stereotypical argumentative patterns connected with the institutional preconditions for strategic maneuvering in a specific context.