高校毕业生基层就业:从中央政策到地方政策

College Graduates' Grass-root Employment:From the Policy of Central Government to the Policy of Local Government

基于对2003年以来中央和地方政府基层就业政策的文本分析以及全国高校毕业生就业数据的描述统计分析,本文发现:中央基层就业政策经历了由笼统到细化、由零散到系统的演变过程;在中央和地方基层就业政策密集出台的背景下,高校毕业生基层就业比例大幅增加,但政策效果存在滞后性和异质性;地方基层就业政策与中央基层就业政策的内容基本一致,但地方特色有待加强;基层就业优惠举措的明晰度和力度会影响毕业生基层就业,侧重长期职业发展的激励举措作用相对明显。据此,本文进一步提出:政府应进一步细化明确基层就业政策,减少毕业生到基层就业的不确定性和风险;将促进基层就业政策的着眼点由"毕业生求职时"前置到"人才培养的过程中",为基层地区培养有意愿、有能力的优秀人才;同时,加强对基层就业政策科学系统的评估,及时调整政策方向,确保政策目标顺利实现。

Based on the context analysis of the policy of college graduates' Grass-root Employment adopted by the central government and local governments since 2003 and descriptive analysis on the National College Graduates Employment Survey data,this paper draws the following conclusions:the policy of college graduates' Grass-root Employment adopted by the central government has developed more and more explicitly and systematically;the Grass-root Employment rate of college graduates has increases substantially since the adaptation of the policy of college graduates' Grass-root Employment,however,there is a time lag and heterogeneity in the policy effects;the policy issued by local governments is accordant with the policy of central government but the local characteristics are not notable;the clearer and stronger incentives are,the more significant effects of policy occurred;those incentives emphasizing on long-term career development have a more noticeable impact on the Grass-root Employment rate.Furthermore,the paper ends up with some policy suggestions.