营养与表观遗传修饰关系的研究进展

Research Progress on Relationship between Nutrition and Epigenetic Modification

表观遗传学是在DNA碱基序列不变的前提下引起的基因表达或细胞表观型变化的一种遗传现象。经典遗传学理论认为DNA序列的遗传能够主导亲代基因传递给后代,但越来越多的证据表明营养等环境因素对基因表达具有重要的修饰作用,如营养因素可通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和microRNA(miRNA)调控等作用来影响表观遗传,且营养素对机体健康的保持有着非常重要的作用(尤其是生命早期的营养)。作者就动物或人长期暴露在蛋白质缺乏、能量不足、高脂和采食过度等营养不平衡日粮条件下,以及一些特殊的营养素作用条件下,其表观遗传修饰的变化及作用机制方面的最新研究进展进行综述,旨在为后续的深入研究提供参考。

Epigenetics is a branch of genetics to study the gene expression of heritable changes when nucleotide sequence has no change. Although classical genetics theory deems that genetic DNA sequence can dominate parental gene to their offspring,growing evidence suggests that envi- ronmental factors such as nutrition play an important role in modifying genetic expression. Nutri- tion can affect epigenetics by DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA （miRNA）. More and more researches prove that nutrition （especially early-life nutrition） is very important to keep the body healthy. The author mainly focused on the research progress about the relation- ship between nutrition and epigenetic modification and its mechanism,including animal or human chronically expose on the feed condition of protein and energy deficiency, high fat, overfeeding and some especial nutrients to provide reference for the further study.