历史的文学书写或一种新史传文学——阿来《瞻对》的文体学分析

A Stylistic Analysis of Ah Lai's Zhan Dui

阿来的《瞻对》以文学书写的加减法讲述了康巴瞻对地区两百年跌宕起伏的历史变迁。作者没有把重心放在历史的长篇叙事上,而是在依据各种史料简笔勾勒历史的同时,又以一个现代人的视角和眼界来反思历史。区别于一般历史传记,在官方史料缺失和记载空白的情况下,《瞻对》征引了民间传说的"史"料和"史"角,以民间故事体的叙述方式填补和修复了被无意识阉割的瞻对历史。《瞻对》没有循规蹈矩于一般历史传记以叙事为主的文体模式,而是叙事议论散文随笔游记众体皆备,形成了一种历史的文学书写,或者说一种新史传文学。

Ah Lai＇s Zhan Dui narrates the historical changes of Zhandui, Kangba in the past two hundred years in a literary method of addition and subtraction. In the book, the author has not only sketched history based on various historical data but also reflected on history from the perspective and view of a modem person instead of focusing on the lengthy narration of history. Distinct from ordinary historical biographies and in the context of pauci- ty of official historical data and records, Zhan Duimanages to fill up and restore Zhan Dui＇ s history deprived un- consciously in the narration mode of folktales by referring to the ＂historical＂ data and perspectives of folklore. Different from the style of narration in ordinary historical biographies, Zhan Dui is composed of pieces of various styles such as prose of narration and argumentation, informal essays, travel notes, etc, thereby having constituted a literary narration of history or a new literature of historical biograohv.