试论郭象“名教”的内在结构

On the Internal Structure of Guo Xiang's “Confucian Ethical Code”

郭象的"名教"既包含外在的道德规范形式,又包含内在的自然真实情性。他以"众之所宜者不一"作为"名教"起源的原因,以"名当其实"作为"名教"内涵的实质,以"任众性"、"顺众心"作为"名教"运用的原则,以"各得其性"、"各用所能"、"各安所司"作为"名教"实现的功能,进而建构起其完整、系统的"名教"思想。与王弼追求普遍道德本体及嵇康、阮籍追求超越"名教"而重视主观情欲的价值诉求不同,郭象将"名教"与个体"自然之性"相融合,使"名教"内化于道德主体的自然原则更具体化,使"名教"与"自然"的融合更具操作性、现实性。

Guo Xiang＇ s ＂Confucian ethical code＂ natural real emotion. In his view, ＂the diverse fondness contains the external form of ethics and the internal form of of people＂ was the source of ＂Confucian ethical code＂ and ＂the conformity of the name with the fact＂ was its essence. Moreover, an adherence to the interest of people and an obedience to the public opinion is the principle for its use, while its targeted functions involve such acts as ＂each behaves to his heart＇ s content＂, ＂each brings into play his capacity＂ and ＂each is responsible for his role＂, thus having constituted Guo＇ s complete system of ＂Confucian ethical code＂. Distinct from Wang Bi＇ s pursuit of the uni- versal morality ontology as well as Ji Kang＇ s and Yuan Ji＇ s pursuit of the value appeal which transcended ＂Confu- cian ethical code＂ and highlighted the subjective sexual passion, Guo Xiang managed to integrate ＂Confucian ethi- cal code＂ with individual instincts and stressed thatan adherence to ＂Confucian ethical code＂ should be some spontaneous and conscious conduct out of the inner heart of individuals as well as the sincere revelation of their natural sentiment. All this has made the natural principles of ＂Confucian ethical code＂ internalized in moral subjects more objective and the integration of ＂Confucian ethical code＂ with ＂nature＂ more operational and practical.