秦腔脸谱四大谱式演进述论

A Review of Changes in Four Modes of Facial Makeup in Shanxi Opera

秦腔脸谱在发展初始,受元明戏曲脸谱影响颇大,因而在清同治之前,秦腔谱式相对固定,主要以整脸为主。同治之后西府脸谱受凤鸟崇拜影响,秦腔脸谱开始勾凤眼、两膛绘凤纹,发展为泰山眉谱式;泰山眉谱式在光绪中期,加绘日月形旋眉,封闭两膛凤纹,演进为三页瓦谱式;后因鼻纹太宽,在三页瓦眼下加绘滴血状纹理,演进出了狼窝子谱式。

Much affected by the opera facial makeup of Yuan and Ming dynasties at its initial stage of develop-ment, the facial makeup of Shanxi opera was rather fixed and centered on the whole face before the reign of Emperor Tongzi of the Qing Dynasty. And from then on, the facial makeup of Shanxi opera has come to focus on the strong （Mount Tai-style） eyebrow decoration by drawing phoenix eyes and phoenix designs on the face due to the impact of the phoenix worship in west Shanxi. In the mid-phase of the reign of Qing Emperor Guangxu, the strong （ Mount Tai-style） eyebrow evolved into the three-layer-tile one with the addition of the sun-and-moon-shaped spiral eyebrow to the effect of concealing the phoenix design on both sides of the face. Later on, the three-layer-tile eyebrow developed into the wolf-den-shape one by drawing veins like drops of blood below eyebrows just because the noseprint was too broad.