对行业特色类高校适用型人才培养的思考

Study on the Developing Talents for Application in Universities with Industrial Characteristics

中华人民共和国成立之后,基于国民经济各行业发展对专业人才的需要,我国高等教育的办学格局在学习和借鉴苏联模式的基础上得以奠定,新建了一批适应行业发展需要的特色鲜明的高等院校。这些行业特色鲜明的高校成为我国高等教育事业的重要组成部分,对于满足行业发展对人才的急需、支撑行业的发展产生了积极的作用。但随着环境的变迁和办学定位、办学规模和办学内涵的变化,不少行业特色类高校纷纷向学科门类大而全的综合类大学转变,也有不少采取更名等追求办学的学科和学术含量,向大而全的方向急速迈进。旧有的高校办学领域被打破,办学边界日趋模糊,办学特色日趋褪色,与行业的关系渐行渐远。如何彻底扭转这一局面,围绕行业需要培养适用人才成为实践向高校提出的一大问题。本文立足于行业高校的办学特点,从围绕行业需求,设立人才培养特区,以市场需求为导向培养适用型人才,建立招生、培养、就业联动机制等方面提出了建议和对策。

Based on the need of professional talents for the national economy development, the running pattern of higher education in China drew lessons from the Soviet model and a batch of new universities with distinctive features to satisfy the industrial development need were built after the founding of new China. These universities become an important part of higher education and play a positive role in satisfying talents need and supporting industrial development. However, with the changes of external environment and the changes of the school location, scale and content, many universities and colleges with industrial characteristics are transformed into comprehensive universities, and some are stepping rapidly towards the direction of the scale and comprehensive according to the change of school name and the expansion of discipline and academic contents. The consequences are that the original domains of university education are broken, the school boundary is vaguer, the school characteristics are more faded and the relationships between the school and the industries are more drifted away. How to reverse the situation and develop talents for application for the industrial demand become an important and urgent problem for higher education. This paper analyses the running characteristics of the universities with industrial feature, and puts forward some suggestions and coun- termeasures from several aspects including setting up the personnel training special zone to satisfy the industrial demand, developing talents for application to satisfy the market demand, and establishing the interaction mechanisms for recruitment, training and employment respectively.