不同水肥供应对结球甘蓝干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响

Effect of different water and fertilizer supply on dry matter accumulation,nutrient uptake and yield of cabbage

采用大田试验方式,以西北地区高原夏季主要栽培蔬菜结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.)为试材,研究了不同的水分(75%、65%、55%灌水下限)和施肥量(当地施肥量、节肥20%施肥量、节肥30%施肥量)对其产量、干物质积累和养分吸收状况的影响.结果表明:在65%灌水下限的灌溉量(1 960 m3/hm2)和节肥20%施肥量(N 304kg/hm2、P2O5204kg/hm2和K2O 72kg/hm2)组合更有利于结球甘蓝干物质量的累积,各时期根冠比较小;叶球中N、P、K吸收量最高,达到153.26、33.9、130.94kg/hm2.N、P、K收获指数均显著高于当地传统灌溉和施肥组合,高肥促进了植株对N、P、K的吸收,低水的影响则相反;产量(91 172kg/hm2)虽然与当地传统灌溉和施肥组合的处理无显著差异,但有节水节肥、保护环境的优势.

The field experiment was carried out to study effects of different water（75%,65%,55%lower irrigation limits）and fertilizer（traditional fertilizer,reducing 10% fertilizer,reducing 20% fertilizer）on dry matter accumulation and sample absorption of cabbage（Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.）cultivated mainly in Northwest area of China.The results showed that the treatment of 65%lower irrigation limits irrigation（1960 m3/hm2）combined with saving 20% fertilizer（N 304kg/hm2,P2O5 204kg/hm2,K2O72kg/hm2）were in favor of accumulating dry matter of cabbage,and in each period the root cap ratio was small;the absorption of N,P and K was the highest in cabbage head,reached 153.26,33.9,130.94kg/hm2.harvest index significant higher than local irrigation and fertilization;the yield（91 172kg/hm2）had no significant difference compared with the local tradition irrigation and fertilizer,but there appeared the advantages of fertilizer-saving and environmental protection.