图片阐释:作为一种质性研究的方法论

Interpretation of Pictures and the Documentary Method

质性研究方法的重要进展与文本阐释领域的兴起和发展直接相关。在全面重建其形式结构的基础上,文本被当作自我指涉系统中的自主领域。然而在社会科学的经验研究中,这一方法论的地位至今尚未在图片领域确立。文件方法作为社会科学、尤其是德国教育学中最主要的一种质性研究方法,为图片研究开辟了秩序井然的新途径。在此,艺术史的相关方法论和研究将十分必要,巴特、艾柯的苻号学理论及福柯的哲学理论对质性研究方法的影响也很大。在使用文件方法的阐释过程中,其方法论能够控制言语的上下文与前见。本文还通过实例,说明图片形式结构的重建将成为分析的核心。

The considerable progress in qualitative methods is directly connected with developments in the field of text-interpretation.On the basis of a thorough reconstruction of their formal structures texts are treated as autonomous domains of self-referential systems.Such a methodological status has been denied to pictures in empirical research in the field of social sciences up until now.The documentary method,based on Karl Mannheim's Sociology of Knowledge,opens up methodical access to pictures.Methodologies from art history can thus become relevant for empirical research in social sciences.Connections to semiotics of Barthes and EC and philosophy of Foucault are worked out in their consequences for qualitative methods.Thus verbal contextual and pre-knowledge can be controlled methodically in the documentary interpretation of pictures.The reconstruction of formal structure of pictures becomes of central importance in analysis.All of this will be demonstrated by examples from research practice.