土壤重金属快速监测技术研究与应用进展

Research Progress of Rapid Monitoring Technology for Heavy Metals in Soils

土壤重金属污染已经日益成为社会的主要环境污染问题之一,土壤重金属快速监测技术对于土壤重金属污染的快速有效筛查与监控具有重要意义。介绍了近年来国内外土壤重金属快速监测方法,并阐述了相关土壤重金属快速监测仪器的研究现状。在土壤重金属快速监测领域,X射线荧光光谱技术优势明显,激光诱导击穿光谱技术亦发展迅速,基于免疫学、酶抑制原理的快速监测技术正处于发展阶段。随着快速监测技术理论和方法的不断完善,土壤重金属快速监测仪器朝着高精度、小型化、智能化的方向发展,在区域性土壤重金属含量评估方面的应用将逐步拓展。

Soil heavy metal pollution has become one of the main environmental pollution problems. For effective monitoring and control of soil heavy metal pollution, rapid monitoring technology for heavy metals in soils is urgently required. In this paper, recent research progress of rapid monitoring methods for heavy metals in soils is introduced, and the status of related rapid monitoring instruments for heavy metals in soils are discussed. The technology of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy gets advantages in this area, and the technology of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy is also developing rapidly ; meanwhile, immunology- based and enzyme inhibition-based rapid monitoring methods are in preliminary stage. With unceasing development of monitoring methods and theory, and the method unceasing consummation, rapid monitoring instruments for heavy metals in soils make progress on the trend of high-precision, miniaturization, and intelligence, and their application scope will be gradually expand.