广州市鼠类种群密度及季节消长趋势分析

Rodent population density and seasonal fluctuation in Guangzhou

目的通过对广州市2006-2012年鼠类监测结果分析,掌握鼠类种群分布及季节消长等动态变化规律,为广州市鼠类及鼠传疾病的防控提供依据。方法采用鼠笼法进行鼠密度监测,每月1次,每个监测点包括居民区、餐饮业和农村自然村3个监测类型。结果广州市2006-2012年平均鼠密度为3.43%,主要优势鼠种为褐家鼠,其次为小家鼠、黄胸鼠,构成比分别为69.55%、12.46%、11.26%。冬季鼠密度相对较低,其他月份鼠密度均值为3.66%,呈现一定的季节性。不同环境类型的鼠密度有显著性差异,农村最高,达4.54%;黄胸鼠的比例高于小家鼠,在9-10月份有一个密度高峰。结论近年来广州市的鼠密度维持在较高水平,鼠传疾病增加可能与此有关,故应采取综合防治措施,有效降低鼠密度,以控制鼠传疾病的发生。

Objective To understand the distribution and seasonal fluctuation of rodent population and provide the basis for the control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases in Guangzhou. Methods Rodent density surveillance covering a residential area,a special industry and a natural rural village was conducted once a month with mouse-cage trapping. Results The average rodent density of Guangzhou was 3. 43% from 2006 to 2012. The dominant species was Rattus norvegicus（ 69. 55%）,followed by Mus musculus（ 12. 46%） and R. tanezumi（ 11. 26%）. It was found that the rodent density was lower in winter and higher in the other seasons（ average 3. 66%）. The highest density was4. 54% appeared in natural rural village. The proportion of R. tanezumi was higher than that of Mus musculus. Conclusion The high rodent density can cause high risk of diseases propagation. It is important to strengthen the integrated measures to reduce the rodent density.