重症监护病房常见医院感染细菌分布特点以及耐药性分析

Prevalence survey on distribution and drug resisitance of pathogens causing nosocomial infection in intensive care unit

目的调查重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染的常见细菌分布及耐药性变化,为合理使用抗生素和医院感染的预防控制提供相关科学依据。方法回顾性分析医院2007—2011年ICU收治的381医院感染患者感染菌株分布特点及耐药性情况。结果 ICU医院感染常见菌株主要来源于痰液标本,占78.2%,其次是血液。381株临床分离菌中共检出革兰阴性杆菌262株、革兰氏阳性球菌70例和真菌49例,分别占68.8%、24.9%和占17.4%。革兰阴性杆菌中鲍氏不动杆菌(24.7%)、肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌(10.8%)、铜绿假单胞菌(9.2%)排前三位。其中除碳青霉烯类药物及抑酶制剂,鲍氏不动杆菌对其余抗菌药物耐药率均>40%。革兰氏阳性球菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。对青霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素的耐药率均>50%。结论呼吸道仍是ICU最常见的感染部位。病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,且对常用抗菌药物的耐药率逐渐升高,临床应加强抗菌药物规范使用,避免耐药菌株的产生。

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in intensive care unit （ICU） causing nosocomial infections so as to provide scientific basis for antibiotic adoption and the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods The specimen sources and the clinical distribution of the 381 pathogens isolated from 2007 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The drug resistance was observed in ICU that causing nosocomial infections. Results The sputum was the major specimens source in ICU, accounting for 78.2%. Of the 381 pathogens causing nosocomial infections in ICU, the 262 gram-negative bacilli （68. 8% ）, 70 gram-positive cocci （24. 9% ）, and 49 fungi （17.4） were isolated, Among gram-negative bacilli the top three were acinetobacter baumannii （24.7%）, klebsiella pneumonia （ 10. 8% ）, and pseudomonas aeruginosa （9. 2% ） . The drug resisitance rate of baumannii to antibiotics were more than 40% , beside carbapenem and B-Lactama- seinhibitors. The main gram-positive cocci of causing nosocomial infections was saphylococcus aureus in ICU. The drug resisitance rate of S. aureus to penicillin, erythromycin and gentamicin were higher than 50.0%. Conclusion The main distribution area of nosocomial infections was the resoiratorv tract and the gram-negative bacilli were the common pathogens in ICU. It was benefit to avoid presenting of drug resistant strain, and antibiotics should be reasonably used in clinic.