气象站迁站距离及海拔高差对新旧站资料差异的影响

Impact of the Site Migration Distance and Elevation Difference on Data Difference Between the New and Old Stations

采用新疆自2008年以来已迁移或即将迁移的13个气象站新旧站1 a对比观测资料,分别计算新旧站资料的绝对差值及差值标准差与迁徙距离和海拔高差的相关系数,结果表明,年平均气温、最低气温、最高气温、相对湿度新旧站绝对差值和标准差与台站迁徙距离和新旧站海拔高差为正相关,新旧站年风向相符率与台站迁徙距离和海拔高差为负相关;其中,迁站距离对最高气温和风向相符率影响最为显著,最高气温的年值绝对差值及年风向相符率与台站迁徙距离相关系数通过了保证率为95%的显著性检验;而台站迁徙前后海拔高差对平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度影响更为显著,即新旧站平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度的年值绝对差值与新旧站海拔高差的相关系数通过了保证率为95%的显著性检验。山区由于地形复杂年平均气温、年最低气温、年相对湿度的绝对差值比多数平原站大一倍以上,且风向相符率都比平原站小一个量级;在极其干旱的东疆吐鲁番地区迁站,由于地表环境差距较大,使年平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度绝对差值和标准差比其它站大,而风向相符率都比其它站小。

One year comparative observational data were used in the paper from 13 new and old stations, which have been changed or are going to change since 2008. We respectively calculated the absolute difference, standard deviation of distance and the correlation coefficient between elevation difference and change distance for the new and old station. It showed that, there was a positive correlation between the absolute difference and standard deviation of difference of annual average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity to distance and elevation difference for the new and old station, and a negative correlation between the year wind direction coincident rate to them. There was a significant impact of the site distance on maximum temperature, wind direction coincident rate, and both of the correlation coefficients passed significance level at α=0.05. While there was more significant impact of elevation difference on mean temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and all the correlation coefficients passed significance level at α=0.05. The absolute differences of annual mean temperature, annual minimum temperature and annual relative humidity in the mountain area were more than twice in the majority plain region, and wind direction coincident rate was one order of magnitude smaller than that in the plain region. Due to the big difference of the surface environment, there was larger absolute differences and standard deviations in annual mean temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity in the extremely arid Turpan area in eastern Xinjiang, while the wind direction coincident rate was smaller than the other stations.