静电纺高效防尘复合滤料的制备及其性能

Preparation and properties of electrospun composite material for high-efficiency ash filtration

为获得无毒无害高效防尘口罩的过滤材料,采用静电纺丝技术制备直径为(0.088±0.01)μm的锦纶6/壳聚糖(PA6/CS)共混纳米纤维,与丙纶熔喷非织造布复合形成高效防尘复合滤料,研究了静电纺丝时间对复合滤料表面形貌、孔径及其分布、过滤性能和透气透湿性能的影响。结果表明,静电纺PA6/CS纳米纤维层可显著提高丙纶熔喷非织造布的过滤效率,静电纺丝90 min后复合滤料对Na Cl气溶胶的过滤效率达到99%以上,明显高于丙纶熔喷非织造布的过滤效率(29%),但是随着静电纺丝时间的延长,复合滤料的孔径、过滤阻力和透气性能明显下降,而透湿性能变化不明显。

In order to make filtering mask with nontoxicity, harmless and high efficiency, composite fihering material made by electrospun polyamide 6/chitosan （PA6/CS） nanofibers and polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric has been prepared. The diameter of electrospun PA6/CS nanofiber was （0. 088 ± 0.01 ） μm. The influence of electrospun time on surface morphology, pore size, filtration efficiency, ventilation property and water vapor permeability were investigated. The results showed that the electrospun PA6/CS nanofibers can significantly improve filtration efficiency of polypropylene meltblown nonwoven fabric. The filtration efficiency to NaC1 aerosol of composite material electrospun for 90 min was increased to 99% , which was obviously higher than polypropylene inch-blown nonwoven fabric by about 29%. The pore size, filtering pressure and ventilation property of the composite material were decreased obviously with increasing electrospun time, but the water vapor permeability was not changed obviously.