唐代的更簿与直簿——以吐鲁番所出《唐某年二月西州高昌县更簿》为中心

The log book alteration and writing in Tang Dynasty——based on the log book alteration in certain year February of Xizhou unearthed from Turfan

《新获吐鲁番出土文献》收录一组吐鲁番所出唐前期西州高昌县直更的名簿,整理者命名为《唐某年二月西州高昌县更簿》。通过对文书的重新拼合、复原及深入研究,我们可以考知本组文书制作年代为唐高宗永徽、显庆年间。唐代户籍三年一造,在造籍之年的二月,各乡里正白日到县衙制作户籍,晚上则轮流宿直一更。更簿就是造籍期间各乡里正及典狱夜间轮流宿直的更次安排。唐代官衙官吏宿直皆有直簿,更簿就是造籍期间特殊的"直簿"。作为造籍过程中产生的原始文档,更簿具有很高的学术价值。对更簿的研究表明,造籍期间里正轮流直更,与官员宿直一样,是其本职工作,而不是衍生的职役。

The book, Newly discovered document from Turfan, included double log books before Tang Xizhou unearned from Turfan, which was named the log book alteration in certain year February of Xizhou by collectors. We could conclude that this book belonged to Tang Gaozong Xian Qing times by matching and restoration research work. The household register book was made once in three years, when this work began on February, all leaders in village must go to County Yamen for this work, and were on duty for a watch in turns. Gengbo（ log book ） is just a kind of changing arrangement for the these cadres and prison warders to be on duty at night, which was very common to see in Tang Dynasty, Gengbo （log book）＂ 更簿＂ is the special Zhibo （log book for being on duty ） ＂直簿＂. The original documents from the book of registering membership relationship had even more academic values, by studying log book, we found that county persons in charge being on duty in turns was the same as other cadres＇doing, which was their own work, not derivative duties of office.