植物腺毛次生代谢产物生物合成的研究进展

Specialized Metabolism in Plant Glandular Trichomes

植物表皮毛(trichomes)是广泛存在于高等植物表面的一种特化器官,尽管形态各异,但通常可被分成腺毛(glandular trichomes)和非腺毛(non-glandular trichomes)2大类.其中腺毛的一个重要特征是特异地大量合成种类繁多的次生代谢产物.这些次生代谢产物不仅对植物适应外界生物和非生物胁迫具有重要的作用,同时对人类的生产生活也具有很重要的经济价值.近年来随着各种组学技术的飞速发展,人们对参与这些代谢物生物合成的基因及其调控机理已经有较为详细的认识.本文拟对植物腺毛中次生代谢产物的生物合成过程、调控机制以及其合成生物学应用等方面的进展做一简要综述.

Trichomes could be found on the surfaces of leaves, stems and other organs of many angiosperm plants. The plant trichomes were commonly divided into two classes： non-glandular trichomes （not many chemicals could be found inside） and glandular trichomes which produce large amount of specialized natural products of diverse classes. Thus plant glandular trichomes are considered as chemical factories due to their metabolic capacity with high efficiency. This property makes glandular trichomes excellent experimental system for elucidation of the pathways of these chemicals at enzymatic or regulatory level. The fast development of various -omics techniques has greatly accelerated this procedure. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief introduction about the methods and technologies used for the investigation on glandular trichomes, summarize the current progress and highlight the potential applications of glandular trichome studies into metabolic engineering using the strategy of synthetic biology.