浙江宁波象山“小白礁I号”清代沉船树种鉴定和用材分析

Identification of tree species and of timbers on the Qing Dynasty “Xiaobaijiao I”Shipwreck found in Xiangshan,Ningbo,Zhejiang

"小白礁I号"清代沉船遗址位于浙江省宁波市象山县石浦镇东南约26海里的渔山列岛海域,于2008年首次发现,计划于2014年将沉船船体发掘出水。为了从多方面了解"小白礁I号"沉船的特点,考察其建造地点及造船工艺方面的有关问题,制定出水船体保护方案,为此,分别从龙骨、肋骨、隔舱板、船底板等多个部位对船体木材采样进行了种属鉴定。种属鉴定结果表明,"小白礁I号"沉船船体所用木材多为龙脑香科、马鞭草科和山榄科等阔叶硬材,且多产于东南亚热带地区而在我国较少分布,有别于我国以往考古发现的古船。"小白礁I号"沉船用材及保存状况的了解为船体发掘出水后的保护修复工作创造了非常有利的条件。

The Qing Dynasty Xiaobaijiao I Shipwreck, located in the sea near the Yushan Islands, is 26 nautical miles away from Shipu Town, Xiangshan Country, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. It was discovered in 2008 and it was planned that it would be fully excavated in 2014. In order to determine its characteristics, investigate the shipbuilding technology and draw up a conservation program, 19 samples were taken from every part of the shipwreck, including the keel, rib, bulkhead, hull etc. , and sent out for tree species identification. The results show that the Xiaobaijiao I is constructed mostly of hardwoods such as Dipterocarpaceae, Verbenaceae and Sapotaceae. These trees usually grow in the tropical areas of Southeast Asia and are rarely found growing in China. The timbers used on the Xiaobaijiao I are unlike those on archaeologicallyimportant ancient ships previously found, and the identification of the wood provides useful information for conservation work after excavation.