优势眼分型及临床研究进展

Clinical studies on different types of ocular dominance

根据检查方法不同,优势眼可以分为注视性优势眼、运动性优势眼和知觉性优势眼.注视性优势眼主要与视觉方向及定位相关,运动性优势眼主要与双眼注视视差及融合功能相关,知觉性优势眼主要与双眼竞争相关.前两者主要是定性概念,而知觉性优势眼可以通过心理物理学方法对双眼优势差异进行量化研究.优势眼检查方法结果相互之间缺乏一致性,原因目前尚未得知,推测可能大部分正常人群本来就不具有稳定的优势眼.有研究推测单眼视疗法的成功与否不在于选择注视性优势眼矫正看远或看近,而可能取决于双眼知觉性优势差异的大小.关于不同类型优势眼在单眼视疗法中所起的作用,以及优势眼与屈光不正,特别是近视发展的关系,还需要进一步研究证实.

Depending on the operational definition and specific measurements,ocular dominance could be generally classified into sighting,motor,and sensory dominance.Sighting dominance refers to the eye preferred for sighting a target and is related to visual direction judgment.Motor dominance refers to the eye with better fixation or less likely to lose fixation,with the presence of increasing fixation disparity.Sensory dominance refers to the eye that dominates in the retinal rivalry conditions.While the first two are qualitative measures,sensory dominance could be precisely quantified through psychophysical methods.The consistency among the results from the three different tests has been low.Although unstable ocular dominance has been proposed as a potential explanation,the exact underlying reason for the contradicting reports is still unclear.Clinically,sighting and motor dominance tests have been used to guide monovision with the dominant eye allocated for the distance/near.Recent studies suggested that success of monovision depend more on the sensory dominance difference between the two eyes.There have been studies about the relationship between ocular dominance and refractive errors,and its possible role in the development of myopia.However,the results remain inconclusive and further studies are needed.