游戏和被动测试对导盲犬培训成功率的预测效果评价

Evaluation on Effects of Play and Passive Situation Tests in Predicting Training Successful Rate for Guide Dogs

目的 建立导盲犬游戏和被动测试的方法和评分标准,并检验其对导盲犬培训成功率的预测效果.方法 参照犬的普通气质测试的方法,结合导盲犬的行为特点,建立测定导盲犬行为的游戏和被动测试方法,采用5个检测行为变量并制定相应的评分标准,分别为游戏测试中的“游戏兴趣,抓取,拔河”与被动测试中的“活跃程度Ⅰ,活跃程度Ⅱ”.通过对中国导盲犬大连培训基地的17只导盲犬和17只淘汰犬进行游戏和被动测试,验证其对导盲犬培训成功率的预测效果.结果 统计分析显示,导盲犬与淘汰犬在被动测试变量“活跃程度Ⅰ”的得分具有极显著差异（P=0.003）,在被动测试变量“活跃程度Ⅱ”的得分具有显著差异（P=0.014）;而在游戏测试变量“游戏兴趣,抓取,拔河”的得分无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,但淘汰犬的“游戏兴趣”得分有高于导盲犬的趋势.导盲犬和淘汰犬在1～2分,3～4分和5分3个分数段的分布情况的分析结果表明：在“游戏兴趣”中,得分在1～2分的导盲犬多于淘汰犬,得分为5分的导盲犬少于淘汰犬;而“抓取”中,导盲犬与淘汰犬得分趋势相近;在“拔河”中,得分为1～2分和5分的淘汰犬均多于导盲犬;在“活跃程度Ⅰ”与“活跃程度Ⅱ”中,得分为1～2分的导盲犬均多于淘汰犬,得分为3～4分的导盲犬数量均少于淘汰犬.结论 本文成功建立了游戏和被动测试的方法和评分标准,其中变量“活跃程度Ⅰ”和“活跃程度Ⅱ”可作为预测导盲犬培训成功率的有效指标.

Objective To establish the methods and evaluation criterion for play and passive situation tests of DMA （dog mentality assessment） and detect their effects on predicting the training successful rate for guide dogs. Method According to the methods of common temperament tests and considering the behavior characteristics of guide dogs, the methods of play and passive situation tests for guide dogs＇ behavior and the related evaluation criterion for 5 behavioral variables in total were established. The behavioral variables were Interest in play, grabbing, tug-of-war in play test and activity I and activity II in passive situation test. Seventeen guide dogs and 17 eliminated dogs from Chinese Guide Dogs Training Centre of Dalian were used to examine the predicting effects of the 5 behavioral variables on the training successful rate for guide dogs. Result According to the results of statistical analysis, the ＂activity I＂ in the passive situation test showed higher significant difference between guide dogs and eliminated dogs （P=0.003）, and the ＂activity II＂ in the passive situation test showed significant difference （P=0.014）. However, no significant difference was detected for the rest variables in play test between guide dogs and eliminated dogs （P〉0.05）. While, there were clear trends showed that the scores of eliminated dogs were higher than that of guide dogs in variable of Interest in play. The distribution analysis of the numbers of guide dogs and eliminated dogs in 3 different score grades （1-2 points, 3～4 points and 5 points） of each variable showed： for Interest in play, more guide dogs distributed in 1 ~2 points and less guide dogs distributed in 5 points compared to eliminated dogs; for grabbing, the distribution of guide dogs and eliminated dogs had a similar trend; for tug-of-war, more eliminated dogs distributed in 1-2 points and 5 points grade compared to guide dogs; for activity I and activity II, more guide dogs distributed in 1～2 points and less guide dogs distributed in 3～4 points compared to eliminated dogs. Conclusion The methods and evaluation criterion for play and passive situation test were successfully established. The ＂activity I＂ and ＂activity II＂ are confirmed as two effective variable indexes to predict the training successful rate for guide dogs.