四川省老年人失能现状的多样本比较分析

Survey on Disability in Different Elderly Populations in Sichuan Province

目的分析四川省不同老年人群的失能老人比例、严重程度和分布特点,为进一步实施干预措施提供基线数据。方法 2011年10月-2012年8月分别选择农村社区、城市社区、急性病房、康复病房等多个样本来源的老年人使用老年失能评估量表进行面对面调查。结果共调查1 406名受试者,回收有效问卷1 387份,问卷有效回收率为98.7%,平均年龄(73.8±8.2)岁。农村社区老人的失能率最高(81.4%),急性病房为79.2%,康复病房为64.5%,城市社区为53.8%,不同来源老年人失能率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不论样本来源如何,随着年龄的增长,失能率均逐渐上升。对样本总体而言,失能老人大多数为轻度失能(80.5%),但急性病房和康复病房住院老人重度和极重度失能比例较高。结论四川省老年失能率随年龄增长而增加,失能严重程度也随年龄增长而加重,但失能老人大多数为轻度失能。农村老人失能状况尤为突出。

Objective To compare the disability conditions in different elderly populations in Sichuan province in order to get baseline data for further analyses in the future. Methods From October 2011 to August 2012, face- to-face interviews were performed by trained investigators in different elderly populations from urban communities, rural communities, acute care wards and rehabilitation wards. The main content of the investigation was the Elderly Disability Assessment Scale （EDAS）. Results Totally, 1 406 subjects were interviewed, among which, 1 387 subjects completed the questionnaires. The response rate was 98.7%. The mean age of the participants was （73.8±8.2） years old. Elderly people dwelling in rural areas had a highest disability rate （81.4%）, while the correspondent rate in subjects in acute care wards, rehabilitation wards, and urban community were 79.2%, 64.5%, and 53.8%, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. In each population, the disability rate increased with age. In the whole sample, most disabled subjects were of mild disability （80.5%）. However, those in acute care wards or rehabilitation wards were more likely to have severe or profound disability. Conclusions The disability rate and the severity of disability increase with age in different elderly populations in Sichuan province, although most of them are of mild disability. The disability rate is conspicuously higher in the elderly dwelling in rural areas.