山西万荣稷王庙大殿大木结构用材与用尺制度探讨

A Study of Timber Construction of the Great Hall at Jiwang Temple

本文以国家文物局"指南针中国古代建筑精细测绘—万荣稷王庙"项目所获调查测绘成果为基础,整理出该庙大殿斗栱类构件、柱梁类构件及平面屋架尺度三类数据。运用统计学中对总体平均值的估算方法对原始数据进行处理,获得了大殿各类大木作尺度数据的校正复原值。以《营造法式》材份制度为基础,运用统计学中对总体平均值一致性的假设检验方法,挑选出大殿七类外檐斗栱构件,结合宋尺实例及宋代尺制研究结果,对大殿的用材制度进行了探讨,确定其大木作用材份值为0.44寸,与《营造法式》中所规定五等材的份值尺寸相同。在已确定份值的基础上,通过多个角度的比对方式进行营造尺长的复原,得出了大殿大木作营造尺复原值为31.4厘米的结论。

Based on results of the Comprehensive Measurement and Survey Project of Jiwang Temple in Wanrong County, which is under the auspices of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the authors divide the measuring data into three parts： data of the brackets and blocks, of columns and beams and of timber construction. Then the original statistics of timber structures are analyzed and developed into correction value, by the method of estimating population mean of statistics. In addition, based on caifen [材份] rule described in Ying Zao Fa Shi [营造法式] and the method of statistical hypothesis testing, the authors pick out seven kinds of brackets and blocks data of the hall, in order to calculate the fen and construction rule of the hall. By referring to relics and previous researches on the ruler in the Northern Song dynasty, this article comes to the following conclusions： 1） the Great Hall was designed by 0.44 cun of each fen, which corresponds to the fifth rank of cai in Ying Zao Fa Shi; 2） the original construction rule is calculated to be 31.4 centimetres long.