方回撰《吕师孟墓志铭》考释

A Study on Lu Shimeng's Epitaph Written by Fang Hui

吕师孟是南宋晚期著名的"吕氏军事集团"的成员之一。身为被文天祥点名斥责过的南宋降臣,吕氏家族入元后的处境颇为尴尬,传世文献中的资料甚少。1959年出土于苏州的吕师孟墓志铭,完整记载了墓主的生平、宦迹及姻亲状况及其入元以后的发展轨迹,可补传世文献之不足。墓志铭显示,吕师孟为吕文福而非吕文德之子。入元以后,吕师孟除了与南方故交继续交往外,还与北方的大官僚和士人建立起新的关系。吕氏在文天祥的文集和墓志铭中的形象迥异,盖由文献性质和作者立场所决定。同时,该墓志铭记载了南宋驸马杨镇的家庭信息,亦不见于传世文献。墓志作者为宋元之际的著名诗人方回。该文不见于方回的传世文集,《全元文》也未曾收录,是一篇珍贵的佚文,也是研究方回交游状况的重要资料。

Lu Shimeng was a member of the famous Lu＇s Military Group at the end of the Southern Song dynasty. Several members of the Lu family were important officials of the Song dynasty, but they surrendered to the Yuan dynasty, which was denounced by Wen Tianxiang and widely known. For this reason, the Lu family was in an awkward position when they became subjects to the Yuan. Few historical recordings have been found about this distinguished family. The epitaph of Lu Shimeng, excavated in Suzhou, Jiangsu province in 1959, documents Lu＇s life story and social relations in detail. It indicates that Lu Shimeng was Lu Wenfu＇s son, not Lu Wende＇s. In the Yuan dynasty, Lu Shimeng not only stayed in contact with old friends under the Southern Song dynasty, but also established new relations with important officials and rising scholars in the north. Descriptions about him seem greatly different in his epitaph and in Wen Tianxiang＇s writings, which is a result of the nature of the literature and the author＇s position. This epitaph also records information about Yang Zhen＇s family, who was the only son-in-law of Emperor Lizong of the Southern Song. The epitaph was written by the famous poet Fang Hui. The text is not included in Fang Hui＇s handed-down documents or The Whole Literature of Yuan Dynasty but is of great historical value. It is also important for understanding the social network of Fang.