上气道阻塞机制的研究进展

Advances in mechanisms of upper airway obstruction

上气道是呼吸气体出入肺的通道,睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患(sleep disordered breathing,SDB)与睡眠时上气道的狭窄和塌陷关系密切。对于上气道阻塞机制的认识有助于诊治睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患,本篇综述回顾了上气道阻塞机制的研究及其最新的进展,从1上气道形态异常;2上气道开放肌功能异常;3呼吸驱动和调控障碍;4觉醒阈异常这四个方面进行阐述,探讨并展望了睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患的治疗前景。

Upper airway is the primary conduit for passage of air into the lungs,whose collapse is closely related to sleep disordered breathing （ SDB）. Figuring out the mechanism of upper airway regulation is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of SDB. This essay re- viewed the advances in upper airway regulation in four aspects： （ 1 ） upper airway anatomy, （2） the ability of upper airway dilator mus- cles to respond to rising intrapbaryngea｜ negative pressure and increasing CO2 during sleep, （3） loop gain （ventilatory control instabili- ty） ,and （4） arousal threshold in response to respiratory stimulation. The treatment prospects of SDB were also discussed.