韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对十三种蔬菜为害调查及趋性研究

Investigation of crop damage and food preferences of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang

【目的】探明适合韭菜的套种及轮作作物。【方法】田间调查了韭菜翻耕后韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang幼虫对13种改种作物的为害情况,分别比较了幼虫和成虫("Y"型嗅觉仪法)对不同作物的趋性。【结果】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫对不同作物的为害程度及症状存在明显差异,其中对韭菜Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel、大蒜Allium sativum L.、圆葱Allium ascalonicum L.等百合科作物的为害最为严重,对菊科作物为害次之,对茄科作物基本无为害。幼虫和成虫对韭菜的趋性最强,对茄科作物的趋性最弱,在对其他作物的趋性上也存在一定差异。【结论】本研究结果对未来以作物轮作或间套作来提高生态防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊效果以及提高韭菜综合种植效益具有指导意义。

[Objectives] To clarify the appropriate companion plants and rotation crops for Chinese chives with respect to minimizing crop damage by Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. [Methods] The damage caused by Bradysia odoriphaga to thirteen crops in the season after planting Chinese chives was investigated and the preferences of larvae and adults of B. odoriphaga for different crops were determined using a Y-olfactometer. [Results] The results show that the extent of damage to the thirteen vegetable crops was significantly different. Vegetables of the lily family, including Chinese chives, garlic and onions, were the most severely damaged followed by those of the Compositae. Damage to members of the Solanaceae was not apparent. Both larvae and adults had clear preferences for different crops, among which a preference for Chinese chives was the most apparent whereas members of the solanaceae family were the least preferred. [Conclusion] The results suggest that intercropping and crop rotation can improve the management of B. odoriphaga.