氨甲环酸减少双侧全膝关节置换失血量的有效性及安全性评价

Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid on reducing blood loss in bilateral total knee arthroplasty

背景:双膝关节置换后出血量及输血需求较大,因此氨甲环酸等止血药物在全膝关节置换中的应用成为近来的研究热点,大量研究证明氨甲环酸能有效减少该类患者的失血量,但专门针对双侧全膝关节置换患者的研究较少。目的:观察氨甲环酸对双侧全膝关节置换患者围术期出血量、血红蛋白变化的影响,并探讨其安全性。方法:选取69例需进行双侧全膝关节置换的患者,随机分为两组,试验组给予氨甲环酸1 g溶于100 m L 5%葡萄糖溶液中静脉滴注,对照组给予5%葡萄糖溶液100 m L静脉滴注。比较两组患者的总失血量、术中失血量、隐性失血量、置换后引流量、输血率、血红蛋白、D-二聚体、凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血酶时间等指标的动态变化情况,并对比两组患者血栓事件的发生率。结果与结论:试验组的失血量明显低于对照组(t=2.194-2.908,P<0.05),输血率也明显低于对照组(χ2=5.219,P=0.022)。比较置换后第3天和第5天的血红蛋白量,试验组明显高于对照组(t=-3.481,2.319,P<0.05)。置换前、置换后两组患者的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血酶时间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。两组患者置换后均未出现血栓栓塞事件,置换后下肢静脉彩超检查未见深静脉血栓形成。上述结果提示氨甲环酸能显著减少双侧全膝关节置换患者的围术期失血量,降低对输血的需求,减少血红蛋白的动态变化,同时不增加血栓形成的风险。

BACKGROUND： The blood loss and the need of blood transfusion after bilateral total knee arthroplasty are very high. Therefore, the use of medicine such as tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty is overheated in recent years. Tranexamic acid has been proved to be able to decrease the blood loss after total knee arthroplasty, while the study of its use in bilateral total knee arthroplasty is seldom. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect and safety of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss and the change of hemoglobin in patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS： We selected 69 patients who received bilateral total knee arthroplasty and divided them into two different groups randomly. The patients in the experimental group were given 1 g of tranexamie acid dissolved in 100 m L of 5% glucose solution through intravenous infusion. Those in control group were only given 5% glucose solution 100 m L. Total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, the hidden blood loss, amount of postoperative drainage, the ratio of blood transfusion, hemoglobin, D-dimer, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were studied and compared between the two groups. We also observed the incidence of thrombotic events between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The blood loss of the experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group（t=2.194-2.908, P〈0.05）. The blood transfusion rate of experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group（χ2=5.219, P=0.022）. The hemoglobin of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 3 and 5 days after replacement（t=-3.481, 2.319, P〈0.05）. No significant difference in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time was detectable between the two groups before and after replacement（P〉0.05）. Thrombotic events were not visible in both groups. Venous ultrasonography in the lower extremity did not reveal deep venous thrombosis. Above results suggest that tranexamic acid can significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty, decreases the requirement of blood transfusion and the dynamic change of hemoglobin, and does not increase the risk of thrombosis.