云南元谋县农民工职业防护与暴露症状的相关因素分析

Analysis of Relevant Factors for Occupational Protection and Exposure Symptom of Peasant-workers in Yuanmou County,Yunnan Province

目的调查元谋县农民工使用农药时防护措施的现状,探讨影响农民工职业暴露影响因素与采取防护措施的相关因素,为实验室分析研究提供依据.方法选择元谋县16个种植基地作为调查地点,以在家或(和)基地打药的农民工作为调查对象,采用方便抽样法,由经统一培训的调查人员进行面对面问卷调查.结果共调查295人,农民工采取帽子、口罩、手套、防护服、雨鞋、护目镜作为防护措施的频率分别为53.2%、45.8%、39.0%、23.7%、21.0%、4.4%;暴露症状打喷嚏、头晕、恶心、皮肤发痒、眼泪增多的频率分别为13.2%、11.2%、7.1%、5.8%、5.4%、3.4%.性别、民族是影响采用防护措施的因素(P<0.05),年龄、文化程度对农业工人采取防护措施的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论元谋县农业工人在施药时会采取一定的防护措施,主要以戴帽子、口罩、手套为主;在施药过程中暴露症状以打喷嚏、头晕、恶心为主.加强对农业工人的职业防护,减少职业暴露对工人健康的威胁还需进一步的观察和研究.

Objective The study aimed to investigate the status of pesticide protection measures of peasant- workers in Yuanmou County,explore the influence factors of occupational exposure and protection measures of peasant- workers, and provide the basis for laboratory analysis. Methods 16 planting bases in Yuanmou County were chosen as investigation location. Peasant- workers at home or field using pesticide were chosen as investigation objects. Questionnaires were handed out face to face by people who had received relevant training by convenient sampling. Results 295 peasant- workers were investigated, the frequency of wear hats, masks,gloves, protection suits, rainshoes and goggles was 53.2%, 45.8%, 39.0%, 23.7%, 21.0% and 4.4%,respectively. The frequency of exposure symptoms, including sneezing, dizziness, nausea, itchiness and increasing tears was 13.2%,11.2%,7.1%,5.8%,5.4% and 3.4%, respectively. Gender and nationality were two major influencing factors of taking protection measures（P〈0.05）. There were no statistic differences in the effects of age and degree of education on taking protection measures（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Peasant- workers had taken protection measures in spraying pesticides, induding wearing hats, masks have gloves. The main exposure symptoms are sneezing, dizziness and nausea. Further investigation and observation are still needed to promote occupational protection and reduce threats from occupational exposure of peasant- workers.