基于空间矢量映射的新型轮轨接触点算法

New Wheel-rail Contact Point Algorithm Method Based on the Space Vector Mapping Principle

针对铁道车辆动态轮轨接触问题提出一种新的轮轨几何接触算法——空间矢量映射法。空间矢量映射法根据空间矢量映射原理和轮轨外形的基本特征,将轮轨接触视为空间曲面接触,以轨道截面为基准,以轨面宽度作为轮轨可能接触的最大范围,采用一定的接触点寻找和判定原则,准确地找到车轮在不同横移量和摇头角下的轮轨接触点。并自编一套轮轨关系软件TPLWRSim,以LMA型车轮踏面为例,分别建立轮对与轨道、轮对与滚轮和轮对与槽型轨的三维模型,仿真不同轮对姿态下的轮轨接触状态,并通过与轮轨接触几何外形和磨耗后的车轮踏面接触几何关系的对比验证算法的准确性和有效性。仿真结果表明此算法可很好解决铁道车辆的轮轨几何接触问题,能快速准确地求出轮对任意姿态下与轨道的接触点,并对不同踏面和轨道外形具有很好的适应性。

A new geometric wheel-rail contact algorithm,the space vector mapping method, is presented to solve the railway vehicle dynamic wheel-rail contact problem. Based on the space vector mapping principle and the basic characteristics of wheel-rail shape, this method regards the wheel-rail contact as space surface contact, chooses the track cross-section as a reference and views the track surface width as the possible maximum contact range of the wheel-rail. Then it adopts certain contact point search and verifying principles so that the dynamic contact point of the wheel in postures of different lateral displacement and yaw angle can be accurately located. With a set of self-composed wheel-rail interaction software TPLWRSim, taking LMA wheel tread as an example, a three-dimensional models of wheel/rail, wheel/roller and wheel/trough type rail are established respectively, which can simulate the wheel-rail contact state under different conditions. Comparing the results with the geometry shape of wheel-rail contact and the geometry contact relationship of worn tread verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm. Simulation results show that this algorithm can solve the problem of wheel-rail and wheel-wheel contact and quickly and accurately determine the contact point between the wheel and the track in any postures, and also verify a good adaptability to treads and rail with different shapes.