公路交通气象自动观测系统设计

Design of an Automatic Observing System for Highway Traffic Meteorological Service

公路交通气象自动观测系统(RWIS)的设计以满足高速公路沿线天气预报和实况预警需求为出发点,在技术选取方面既保持与常规气象观测技术指标的一致性,又考虑了公路交通气象野外监测对数据时效性和可靠性的要求。与常规地面气象观测方法相比,该系统设计主要具有适应野外无人探测环境、观测要素按需选取、模块化设计灵活可配、传感器布局有特殊要求以及数据流、状态流和控制流兼容并行等特点。公路交通气象观测系统的硬件结构采用模块化设计集成各类传感器,通信传输采用数据对象字典方式组织气象观测数据和设备状态信息以数据流方式实时上传,观测信息和设备信息通过采集软件和中心站软件进行分析处理。目前该系统已在全国推广应用,数据上传至中国气象局,并形成业务化系统平台,观测产品已通过CMACast系统分发至全国各地共享应用。

Focused on the demands of highway weather forecasting and early warning along the highway, an automatic observing system, the Road Weather Information System （RWIS）, is designed, which adopts the technical specifications according with routine meteorological observation and the requirements of highway weather observation for timeliness and reliability are also taken into account. Compared with the routine meteorological observation, the design of RWIS has the following characteristics： the adaptation to field unmanned detection environment, observation elements selected on needs, modularization design for flexible configuration, sensor layout with special requirements, and the compatibility and parallel of data flow, status flow, and control flow. The hardware structure of RWIS uses the modularized design of integrating all kinds of sensors. The communication transmission uses the data object dictionary approach to organize meteorological observation data and equipment status information, and uploads in real-time by data flow, which are analyzed and managed by acquisition software and central software. The system has been applied presently nationwide and the collected data have been uploaded to CMA to be used in the operational system platform. The observation products distributed by the CMACast system have been shared and applied nationwide.