村镇银行创新农户信贷模式研究——以陇南“金桥模式”为例

Research on Rural Credit Mode Innovation of Village Bank:a Case Study of Longnan Jinqiao Mode

针对肩负服务"三农"重任的村镇银行在实际运作中出现偏离三农的问题,在描述了村镇银行支农贷款存在问题和原因以及"金桥模式"的基本运行流程后,认为该模式的成功要素有2个方面:一是通过组建2个委员会实现了信贷员的内生化。这种内生的"准信贷员"通过亲缘和地缘优势降低了机构的信息获取成本,并将激励机制由传统的机构成本转变成能带来预期收益的贷款业务。二是其"双层联保"加强了小组联保自选择的功能和贷款户违约的社会惩罚力度,在出现信用风险时使金融机构损失可以得到实际的补偿。最后提出相关建议:一是传统信贷模式需要进行本土化改造,包括贷款产品和人力资源的本土化。二是对村镇银行应有一个更宽泛的瞄准概念。也就是说,村镇银行只要不离开农村,只要能发挥出自己特色,坚持服务"三农",就应该给予肯定。

As the new rural financial institutions, village banks are responsible for serving agriculture, countryside and farmers. However, in the actual operation, village banks’ business appeared to deviate from agriculture, countryside and farmers. By describing the problems exist in agriculture loans of village banks and the process of loan service of“Jinqiao model”, the paper summarizes two success factors of the mode include: on the one hand, in “Jinqiao model”, endogenous loan officers were hired through the formation of two committees. The endogenous “quasi-loan officers” reduced the cost of information through their genetic and geographic advantages, and converted incentives from the traditional agency costs to expected benefits of the loan business; on the other hand, the “double group lending” in the“Jinqiao mode” strengthened the self-selection effect of the lending group and the defaults social punishment, so that the loss of financial institutions in the event of credit risk can be compensated. Finally, this paper put forward two suggestions: the traditional credit model requires indigenization transformation, including the indigenization of loan products and human resources; there should be a broad concept of targeting for the village banks, in other words, the performance of village banks should be affirmed as long as they do not leave rural areas and support countryside, agriculture and farmers with their own characteristics.