母亲孕期增重与婴儿气质的关系研究

Impacts of maternal weight gain during pregnancy on infant's temperament characteristics

目的 探讨孕期增重与婴儿气质的关系。方法 选取5~7月龄婴儿及其母亲为研究对象,根据美国医学研究所推荐的孕期增重适宜范围将其分为：孕期增重偏低、适中和偏高3组。结果 婴儿气质9个维度中的节律性、适应性、持久性和反应阈在不同的孕期增重组中差异有统计学意义,并且增重偏低组节律性和持久性的得分高于增重偏高组,增重偏高组反应阈得分高于增重适中组。分层分析进一步显示：母亲年龄≤30岁时,孕期体重的变化对婴儿气质的节律性、适应性、心境和反应阈有影响（P〈0.05）,不管是母亲受教育程度为中学及以下还是高中及以上时,节律性得分在3组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 孕期增重异常可能会影响子代的气质,孕期保健应该加强对孕妇体重的监测,防止其对婴儿发育产生不良影响。

Objective To explore the relationship of weight gain during pregnancy and infant′s temperament char-acteristics. Methods Women as well as their 5~7 months old infants, were selected as study subjects. According to the suggested suitable range for weight gain during pregnancy by IOM, the subjects were divided into three cate-gories： less weight gain during pregnancy, moderate weight gain during pregnancy and high weight gain during pregnancy. Results Among the nine temperament traits of infant, regularity, adaptability, persistence and atten-tion span and sensitivity showed significant statistical difference among different weight gain groups. Specifically, the scores of regularity and persistence and attention span in less weight gain group were significantly higher than high weight gain group. And the score of sensitivity in high weight gain group was greater than moderate weight gain group. Further stratified analysis showed weight change had significant effects on infant′s regularity, adaptability, mood and sensitivity （P〈0. 05） for mother younger than 30 years old. For women with above high or junior school level of education, significant difference of regularity was observed among various weight gain groups （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Abnormal maternal weight gain during pregnancy can influence infant′s temperament characteristics. Strengthening the monitoring for weight gain during pregnancy should be attached to health care during pregnancy to prevent potential adverse effects on infant′s development.