某纳米氧化铁生产企业工作场所中纳米颗粒暴露特征分析

An analysis of characteristics of exposure to nanoparticles in a workplace manufacturing iron oxide nanoparticles

目的 研究纳米氧化铁颗粒在工作场所中的暴露特征.方法 选取某纳米氧化铁生产企业,检测不同工作地点纳米颗粒物的实时数量浓度、表面积浓度和质量浓度,对采集的颗粒物进行形态学和元素成分分析.结果 各检测点平均数量和表面积浓度分别为黄粉（α-Fe2O3· nH2O）粉碎（16 566pt/cm3,106.082μm2/cm3）、包装（12 386 pt/cm3,89.861μm2/cm3）、装运点（13 808 pt/cm3,102.071μm2/cm3）、成品储存室（17 192 pt/cm3,115.044 μm2/cm3）,与车间空白（11 420 pt/cm3,85.026 μm2/cm3）比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;数量浓度和表面积浓度高度相关（r=0.784）;数量浓度、表面积浓度均与质量浓度低度相关（r1=0.323,r2=0.331）;扫描电镜显示纳米氧化铁颗粒呈纺锤状;铁（Fe）的重量百分比占所采集颗粒物化学成分的19.33％.结论 黄粉粉碎和成品储存室的纳米颗粒暴露浓度较高,主要是纳米氧化铁颗粒;数量浓度与表面积浓度间具有高度相关关系.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles in workplace.Methods The real-time particle number （NC）,surface area （SAC）,and mass （MC） concentrations of nanoparticles were measured in various locations of a selected workplace manufacturing iron oxide nanoparticles.The collected particles were analyzed for morphology and elemental composition.Results The average NCs and SACs in milling site （16 566 pt/cm3,106.082 μm2/cm3）,packaging site （12 386 pt/cm3,89.861 μm2/cm3）,shipping site （13 808 pt/cm3,102.071 μm2/cm3）,and product storage room （17192 pt/cm3,115.044 μm2/cm3） of the yellow powder （α-Fe2O3·nH2O） were all significantly higher than the workplace background concentrations （11 420 pt/cm3,85.026 μm2/cm3） （all P〈0.05）.The NC was highly correlated with the SAC （r=0.784）,while both NC and SAC were loosely correlated with the MC （r1=0.323,r2=0.331）.Scanning electron microscopy revealed a spindle-like shape of the iron oxide nanoparticle;the chemical composition of the collected particles contained 19.33 weight percent iron （Fe）.Conclusion The milling site and product storage room of the yellow powder are exposed to a higher concentration of nanoparticles,which are mainly composed of iron oxide nanoparticles.The NC is highly correlated with the SAC.