消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍研究

Analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder in rescuers and firefighters

目的 探讨消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生情况及其相关的影响因素.方法 采用自编的消防救援人员一般情况问卷和创伤后应激障碍筛查量表（PCL-C）对参加过抢险救援工作的264名消防救援人员进行PTSD评定,并对其相关因素进行分析.结果 消防救援人员的PTSD检出率为8.3％,不同工作岗位中特勤兵的PTSD检出率最高（12.0％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与其他军衔的消防救援人员比较,三级以上军官的PTSD检出率最高,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;已婚消防救援人员的PTSD检出率高于未婚,嗜好饮酒的消防救援人员比戒酒的消防救援人员更容易检出,且差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;出勤次数越多越容易患PFSD.结论 参加过救援工作的消防救援人员PTSD检出率较高,应加强必要的心理应激疏导和采取长期的心理干预,减缓抢险救援后的心理创伤,提高消防救援人员的心理健康水平.

Objective To investigate the occurrence and associated factors for posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） in rescuers and firefighters.Methods The PTSD of 264 rescuers and firefighters who had participated in rescue was evaluated using the self-designed fireman general situation questionnaire and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version （PCL-C）.The factors associated with the occurrence of PTSD were also analyzed.Results The incidence rate of PTSD in the subjects was 8.3%.The PTSD rate of special service corps （12%） was significantly higher than that of other subjects （P〈0.05）.The incidence of PTSD was highest in the rescuers and firefighters above the third rank,but without significant differences （P〉0.05）.The PTSD rate of married rescuers and firefighters was significantly higher than that of unmarried subjects （P〈0.05）.The PTSD rate of subjects addicted to drinking was significantly higher than that of non-drinking subjects （P〈0.05）.Subjects with more frequent attendance were more susceptible to PTSD compared with those with less attendance.Conclusion The incidence rate of PTSD is high in rescuers and firefighters who have attended rescues.It is necessary to implement both short-term and long-term counseling programs for stress management and intervention in order to reduce the psychological trauma after rescue and improve the mental health of rescuers and firefighters.