浙江三门湾春季鱼类种类组成及多样性研究

Species Composition and Diversity of Fish in Spring in Sanmen Bay

根据2012年春季在浙江沿海的典型海湾——三门湾开展渔业资源底拖网调查所获得的资料,分析了三门湾海域的鱼类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明：三门湾春季共有鱼类27种,隶属于8目17科。其中,以鲈形目种类为最多（12种）,其次是鲱形目（6种）,而鲽形目、鲀形目、灯笼鱼目各有2种,鳕形目、鲻形目、鲉形目各有1种。根据鱼类的适温性可将其划分为暖水种与暖温种2种适温类型,其中暖水种有17种,占鱼类总种类数的62.96%,暖温种有10种,占鱼类总种类数的37.04%。优势种主要有中颌棱鳀和江口小公鱼2种,常见种为斑鰶、棘头梅童鱼、鲻鱼和黄鳍东方鲀。生物多样性分析表明,三门湾鱼类种类丰富度指数（D）分布在0.49~2.96之间,均匀度指数（J＇）分布在0.10~0.80之间,多样性指数（H＇）分布在0.19~1.89之间;数量分布的高值区出现在调查海域西北部和东北部近岸区。运用聚类和多维标度对鱼类群落进行分析,结果表明该海域鱼类群落结构具有显著的空间分异特征。

Based on the data from the fishery resources of the typical bay off the coast of Zhejiang--the sanmen bay surveys from may 2012. This paper discussed the charzcteristics of fish community structure, species dominancy and diversity. Results showed that among 27 species that were identitified, belong to 17 family, 8 order.T he most species-rich orders were Perciformes （12＇ species）, Clupeitormes （6 species）. Temperature tolerance can be divided into warm-water species and t warm-temperate species, and warm-water species was absolutely dominant species, there are 2 species ＇ IR/value is more than 1 000. respectively are Thrissa mystax and Stolephoras commersonii. Three diversity indexes which are species richness index （D）, Shannon-Wiener index （H/ ） andspecies evenness index （J＇） are used to analyze the characteristics of species diversity of the fish communities.The value.of D, H＇and J＇vary between 0.49-2.96, 0.19-1.89 and 0.10-0.85. The high value area in the northwest and northeast nearshore of the sea area. By hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling （nMDS） assisted analyzing the types of fish assemblage. The results show that the fish community structure had notable spatial variation feature.