术后谵妄的研究进展

Research Progress of Postoperative Delirium

谵妄是一种以急性意识和认知功能障碍为特征的脑综合症。手术后患者出现谵妄不仅会增加术后并发症及医疗费用、延长住院时间,还会增加远、近期死亡率,且一旦发生谵妄,其术后长期认知功能也显著下降。对术后谵妄的诊断、预防和治疗是外科围手术期的重要内容。近年来,在手术后谵妄发生、发展及诊治方面有较多的研究且也取得了一定的进展。该文就术后谵妄发生的病理生理学机制、危险因素、诊断、预防以及治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述。

Delirium is an acute cerebral syndrome characterized by disturbances of consciousness and cognitive function. Delirium after operations is associated with increased postoperative complications, high hospitalization cost, long hospitalization, and it can increase short- term and long-term mortality, reduce cognitive functioning. The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of delirium are of great importance for perioperative patients undergoing surgery. In recent years,there has been many investigations made for the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of delirium after surgery,and some progress has been made. This review focuses on the pathophysiology,risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment and preventive strategies of delirium after surgery.