感音神经性耳聋的早期识别与临床干预

Early Detection and Intervention for Sensorineural Hearing Loss

感音神经性耳聋是临床常见问题，若不能及时发现和正确干预，可导致儿童听觉言语发育迟缓，以及情感、心理和社会交往等综合能力的发展。新生儿听力筛查与新生儿基因筛查使得感音神经性耳聋的早期发现成为可能。儿童期的听力筛查工作很大程度上弥补了因迟发性、渐进性或获得性听力损失导致的新生儿听力筛查漏诊的不足。感音神经性耳聋通过主客观听力检测技术可获得早期诊断，通过药物治疗、选配助听装置等获得早期干预。永久性感音神经性听力损失作为一种慢性疾病，传统的以医生为中心的医疗服务模式不足以满足患者需求，以患者、家庭或社区为中心的医疗服务模式逐渐被重视。

Sensorineural hearing loss （SNHL） is commonly seen in clinical practice. Without early detection and appropriate intervention, it may cause delayed hearing and speech development and relevant emotional, psychological and social communication problems in children. The universal newborn hearing screening （UNHS） program and newborn genetic screening for deafness makes it possible to detect the SNHL in the early stage, while the hearing screening program for children can identify the children with delayed-onset, progressive or acquired hearing loss. SNHL can be early diagnosed using both subjective and objective hearing tests, and early intervened with medicine, hearing devices and other metttods. As a chronic disease, SNHL patients may not be satisfied by the traditional clinician-centered medical service model, so the patient-centered, family-centered and community-centered models are gradually encouraged in recent years.