不同因素对大黄泻下与止泻双向调节效应的影响

The Effect of Various Conditions on the Diarrhea and Antidiarrhea Function of Rhubarb

目的：观察不同条件对大黄泻下和止泻双向调节效应的影响。方法：采用正常ICR小鼠、复方地芬诺酯复制便秘小鼠模型和腹泻小鼠模型,造模2 h后各给药组分别以不同剂量的生大黄细粉、不同炮制品（生大黄、熟大黄和大黄炭）和不同时间煎煮而成的生大黄粗粉灌胃给药1次,而正常和模型组则给予等体积的生理盐水,观察各组小鼠给药后6 h内的排便总数、排便指数和腹泻指数。结果：1）不同给药剂量：0.2 g/kg生大黄和0.67~3 g/kg大黄炭对腹泻小鼠有止泻作用,0.8 g/kg生大黄和5 g/kg大黄炭能明显加重腹泻。2）不同炮制品：当生大黄剂量大于等于0.72 g/kg时能使正常小鼠泻下,大于等于1.8 g/kg时使便秘小鼠通便,0.8 g/kg时加重腹泻小鼠腹泻;0.67~3 g/kg大黄炭和3 g/kg熟大黄对腹泻小鼠均有止泻作用。3）不同煎煮时间：1.5 g/kg生大黄粗粉在2~10 min内对正常和便秘小鼠的泻下作用随煎煮时间延长而逐渐升高,在10~180 min内随煎煮时间延长泻下作用强度逐渐减弱,其中,煎煮10 min时泻下作用最强,180 min时最弱。结论：机体的状态和药物的不同剂量、炮制方法和煎煮时间均可影响大黄的泻下与止泻的双向调节效应。

Objective： To investigate conditions that affect the activities of diarrhea and antidiarrhea of rhubarb. Methods： Normal ICR mice,magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoeal mice and diphenoxylate-induced constipated mice were used. Raw rhubarb with different dosages,processed methods and different decoction times were administrated to mice 2h after the diarrhoea and constipation models were induced. Results： 1） Diffenrent dosage： Raw rhubarb had antidiarrheal effect at the dose of 0. 20 g / kg and significantly worsened diarrhea at the dose of 0. 80 g / kg; rhubarb charcoal had antidiarrheal effect at the doses of 0. 67-3. 00 g / kg,and significantly worsened diarrhea at the dose of 5. 00 g / kg. 2） Different processing method： Raw rhubarb had laxative effect on normal mice with the dose of above 0. 72 g / kg,on constipation mice at the dose of above 1. 80 g / kg,and on diarrhea mice at the dose of 0.80 g / kg; while rhubarb charcoal 0. 67-3. 00 g / kg and cooked rhubarb 3. 00 g / kg had antidiarrheal effect on diarrhea mice. 3） Different decoctioning length： Raw rhubarb showed the strongest laxative effect at the decoction time of 10 min,and the weakest laxative effect at 180 min. Conclusion： The diarrheal and antidiarrheal effect of rhubarb act to conditions such as different physiological and pathological conditions,processing methods,dosages and decoction time.