氨基酸调节哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1信号通路的分子机制

Molecular Mechanism of Amino Acids in Regulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling Pathway

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1(mTORC1)信号通路能够感受一系列细胞内外环境因素的变化,如氨基酸浓度、能量水平、生长因子等进而调节细胞生长。氨基酸不仅是合成蛋白质的底物,也可作为信号分子激活mTORC1信号通路,促进蛋白质合成。溶酶体是氨基酸激活mTORC1信号通路过程中一个重要细胞器,mTORC1感应氨基酸的上游信号通路需要溶酶体相关蛋白及胞浆蛋白的参与完成。本文综述了氨基酸调节mTORC1信号通路的分子机制,为营养因子调控蛋白质合成的关键通路提供参考。

Mammalian target of rapamycin complexl （ mTORC1 ） signaling pathway regulates cell growth in response to multiple environmental cues, such as amino acids sufficiency, energy status, and growth factors. Amino acids are not only substrates for protein synthesis, but also signal molecules to activate mTORC1 signaling pathway and promote protein synthesis. Lysosome-associated machinery plays a vital role in regulating ami- no acids signaling to mTORC1. Several important lysosome-associated proteins and cytoplasmic proteins participate in amino acids sensing pathway upstream of mTORC1. This review mainly summarized the molecular mechanism of mTORC1 activation in response to amino acids in order to delineate the key protein synthesis pathway in response to nutritional factors.