RDX直接硝解法的真空氧化结晶工艺

Process of Vacuum Oxidation Crystallization During Producing RDX by Direct Nitration

将真空氧化结晶工艺应用于直接硝解法制备RDX,有效解决了直接硝解法产生大量废酸的问题。用单因素法实验研究了最佳工艺条件。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:以投入1 g乌洛托品计,氧化工序中,加入稀释水量3.51 g,最低激发温度49.4℃,加热温度60℃,稀释水量的加入速率0.12 g·s-1;真空结晶工序中,真空度为82 k Pa,初始蒸发温度85.0℃,搅拌速率650 r·min-1,产生废酸10.34 g。与传统氧化结晶工艺相比,该工艺稀释水量和废酸量分别减少24.9%和10.2%。

The vacuum oxidation crystallization process was applied to the preparation of RDX by a direct nitration method,which effectively solved the problem of a large amount of waste acid produced in the direct nitration.The optimum process conditions were experimentally investigated by a single factor method.Results show that optimum process conditions are determined as：with 1 g HA as a reference,in the process of oxidation,the amount of dilution water is 3.51 g,the lowest excited temperature 49.4 ℃,heating temperature 60 ℃ and the adding rate of dilution water amount 0.12 g · s^-1 and in the process of vacuum crystallization,vacuum tightness is 82 kPa,initial evaporation temperature 85.0 ℃,stirring speed 650 r · min^-1,forming 10.34 g of waste acid.Compared with the traditional process,the new process makes the amount of dilution water and waste acid reduce 24.9%and 10.2%,respectively.