国家级太阳辐射测量标准及其质量控制

National Solar Radiation Measurement Standards and Quality Control

太阳辐射测量标准仅采取定期参加国际比对的溯源方法不能完全满足质量保证的要求。只有联合国际比对和期间核查的控制方法,才能确保测量标准的测量不确定度持续控制在误差允许范围之内。我国太阳辐射测量标准与世界辐射测量基准(WRR)比对结果的不确定度为0.17%,满足世界气象组织(WMO)要求,并达到世界先进水平。为了保证在两次国际周期比对间隔之间的准确可靠,并保证其处于良好置信度的校准状态,定期对测量标准的重复性和稳定性进行期间核查,以图形记忆方式对太阳辐射测量标准的测量过程进行连续和长期的统计控制。通过期间核查,保证了太阳辐射测量标准的重复性不大于0.1%,年稳定性小于0.25%,未超出控制界限且分布呈随机状态,保证了测量过程处于稳定受控状态,满足建标要求。

In order to ensure the accuracy of national solar radiation measurements and the world radiometric reference （WRR） transfer, quality control is carried out on the solar radiation measurement standards. There is a full set of sound management system and quality guarantee measure over many years＇ improvement, including the measurement standard of value transfer and traceability, the selection and validation of calibration method, calibration process and data quality control, staffed and personnel skill requirements and so on. It also passes the measurement standard reexamination organized by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine （AQSIQ）. The radiation value is directly traceable to the WRR every five years through attending the World Me- teorological Organization （WMO） International Pyrheliometer Comparisons （IPC）, and then the metrological verification or calibration method is adopted for the standard radiation instrument value transfer, to ensure the accuracy of WRR in China and neighboring countries. China national solar radiation measuring standard is directly compared with the WRR for 3 times in 15 years, and comparison results of the uncertainty is 0.17%, surpassing requirements of WMO. In order to ensure measurement standards between the international cycle comparison interval, and keep them in good confidence calibration status, the repeatability and stability of solar radiation measure- ment standards should be checked every year to determine standards in original state. In fact, there should be more times of checking if conditions allow to reduce the uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of measurement error. Mean value control chart is used to judge whether the measurement process is affected by uncontrolled system bias, and graphics memory way is used to achieve continuous and long-term statis- tical quality control. Period verification shows the solar radiation measurement repeatability and years of stability is no more than 0.1~ and less than 0.25 %, within the control limits and taking a random distri- bution state. That ensures the measuring process in a stable controlled status, meeting the standard requirements. Above all, the WRR international comparison itself cannot ensure the national solar radiation measurement standards fully meet the quality assurance requirements, a lot of collaborative international com- parison and period verification should be carried out to ensure that the measurement uncertainty is controlled within the allowable range of 0.25%