云南怒江河谷种子植物区系的特有现象

Endemism in the Flora of Seed Plants in Nu River Valley of Yunnan Province

怒江是我国西南地区重要的大河之一,研究其河谷植物区系特有现象对于认识该区植物区系的特点、发生和演变以及生物多样性保护等具有十分重要的意义。本文采用样方调查和样线调查法,沿怒江河谷从最南端的中缅边境(木城)到滇藏交界地区(秋那桶)对云南怒江河谷的种子植物进行了实地调查,并通过查阅文献和标本鉴定,统计得到该区域野生种子植物164科776属1718种。其中东亚特有科4科,中国特有属1属,中国特有种316种(含68种云南特有种,包括怒江河谷特有种3种)。对该区域种子植物区系及特有性研究结果显示,其种子植物区系地理成分复杂,与其他地区植物区系联系广泛,并具有强烈的热带性;该区域种子植物科、属、种的特有性均不显著,科级特有现象表明本区系属于东亚植物区系的一部分;本区域的中国特有种在云南层面与滇西南、滇西北联系密切,在全国层面与南方与西南关系密切,在东亚层面与中国-喜马拉雅地区联系最为紧密。

To understand the characteristics, occurrence and evolution of the flora of a given region, endemism has become a flora and biodiversity research field of interest. The Nu River, also known as the Salween River, is one of the most important rivers in southwest China, but little is known about the flora of Nu River Valley. We conducted a preliminary investigation on seed plants between the southern tip of the Sino-Burmese border （Mucheng） and the Yunnan- Tibet border region （Qiunatong） of Nu River Valley from March to October, 2013. Both quadrat investigation and line transects were used in our field survey. We found 1718 seed plants species belonging to 776 genera and 164 families in Nu River Valley of Yunnan. Among them, four families were endemic to East Asia, and one genera and 316 species were endemic to China, of which 68 species were found in Yunnan （including three species to Nu River Valley）. The endemism in the familial rank indicated that the flora of this region belonged to the East Asian flora, but no evident endemism in regards to genera rank was found. The Chinese endemic species had close relationships to the flora of northwestern and southwestern Yunnan, southern and southwestern China, and the Sino-Himalaya Region of East Asia.