人冠状病毒引起上海地区住院儿童下呼吸道感染的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation on human coronovirus infection in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infection in Shanghai

目的：了解人冠状病毒（HCoV）在上海地区下呼吸道感染住院患儿中的流行情况及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2009年10月至2012年9月因急性下呼吸道感染住院的5岁以下患儿554例，采用 Seeplex RV12 ACE 试剂盒检测鼻咽分泌物标本中的 HCoV 以及其他呼吸道病毒。反转录PCR 进行 HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）-CoV、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-HKU1和 MERS-CoV 检测，采用2种实时定量 PCR 进一步筛查中东呼吸综合征（MERS）-CoV。应用MEGA5．0软件进行序列拼接比对及进化树分析。结果554份标本中，273份病毒检测阳性，占48．56％。HCoV 阳性18份，占3．25％，其中13份为 HCoV-OC43／HKU1阳性，5份为 HCoV-229E／NL63阳性，未检测到高致病性 MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV。18例感染 HCoV 患儿月龄为1～48个月，男12例，女6例。临床表现为发热17例，咳嗽11例，气促9例，需要接受氧疗7例，喘息1例。6例来自ICU，12例来自普通内科病房。2例来自普通内科病房患儿同时合并腺病毒和人鼻病毒感染。18例患儿均治愈、好转出院。6例于秋季感染，5例于冬季感染，3例于春季感染，4例于夏季感染。8份 HCoV阳性标本进行测序分析，分属于 HKU1和229E 亚型各3株，分属于 OC43和 NL63亚型各1株。结论上海地区5岁以下急性下呼吸道感染患儿鼻咽分泌物标本中可分离到 HCoV，未检测到高致病性MERS-CoV；感染患儿临床表现较重但预后良好。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human coronovirus （HCoV ） infection in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection （ALRTI）in Shanghai.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted between October 2009 and September 2012.Five hundred and fifty-four cases of ALRTI in children under 5 years were enrolled. HCoV and other respiratory viruses in archival nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were detected by a commercial Seeplex RV12 ACE detection kit.HCoV pan-family reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （PCR）was performed to screen all known six HCoV,including HCoV-229E,HCoV-OC43, severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS）-CoV,HCoV-NL63,HCoV-HKU1 ,and real-time PCR was performed to screen Middle East respiratory syndrome （MERS）-CoV.MEGA5 .0 software was used to perform sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis.Results In 554 samples,at least one virus was identified in 273 cases （48.56%）and HCoV was detected in 18 cases （3.25 %）,among which 13 were HCoV-OC43/HKU1 positive,5 HCoV-229E/NL63 positive.No high pathogenic MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV were detected.The median age of 18 children with HCoV infection was 18 months （1 -48 months）with 12 boys and 6 girls.Seventeen cases had fever,11 cough,9 tachypenea and 1 wheeze. Seven received oxygen therapy,and 6 were admitted to intensive care unit for treatment.Two who was in ordinary ward were coinfected with adenovirus and human rhinovirus.All 18 cases recovered or improved＆amp;nbsp;on discharge.Six was infected in autumn,5 in winter,3 in spring and 4 in summer.Of 8 HCoV-positive samples which were sequenced,each 3 samples belonged to HKU1 and 229E subtypes,respectively,and each 1 belonged to OC43 and NL63 subtypes,respectively.Conclusions HCoV is a relatively common viral pathogen among hospitalized young children with ALRTI in Shanghai.No high pathogenic MERS-CoV is detected.HCoV can cause severe infection with favorable outcome.