数字化技术在股前外侧皮瓣修复手足创面中的应用

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN ANTEROLATERAL THIGH FLAP FOR REPAIRING WOUNDS OF HAND AND FOOT

目的探讨数字化技术在股前外侧皮瓣修复手足创面中的应用价值。方法 2013年9月-2014年9月,应用股前外侧皮瓣修复手足创面16例。男10例,女6例;年龄20~52岁,平均31岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤8例,机器压轧伤6例,烫伤1例,动物咬伤后皮肤软组织坏死1例。缺损部位:足背5例,踝周4例,足底1例,前臂及手部6例。伤后至入院时间2 h^45 d,平均14.3 d。创面均伴骨及肌腱外露,缺损范围9.0 cm×4.0 cm^29.0 cm×8.5 cm。术前行CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)检查,初步挑选合适的穿支及供区;将CTA数据导入Mimics15.0软件进行主要穿支点定位及股前外侧皮瓣设计,并模拟手术切取。手术按照术前设计切取皮瓣,皮瓣切取范围11 cm×5 cm^31 cm×10 cm。供区直接缝合14例,植皮2例。结果术前经Mimics15.0软件重建后明确的旋股外侧动脉及其降支的起始位置、起始部血管管径、血管走行、血管蒂最大可切取长度,与术中实际观察均一致;均顺利完成皮瓣切取及修复。术后1例皮瓣发生血管危象;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面及供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合,植皮均成活。患者均获随访,随访时间6~17个月,平均9个月。15例皮瓣外形良好,1例因皮瓣臃肿行二期修薄术。末次随访时,6例手部功能按关节总活动度(TAM)评分,获优3例,良2例,可1例;10例足部功能根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)评分,获优5例,良3例,可2例;总优良率为81.25%。结论 CTA结合Mimics15.0软件能实现术前股前外侧皮瓣个体化设计,降低了手术风险。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of digital technology in repairing wounds of the hand and foot with anterolateral thigh flap. Methods Between September 2013 and September 2014, 16 cases of wounds of the hand and foot were treated with the anterolateral thigh flap. There were 10 males and 6 females, with an average age of 31years（range, 20-52 years）. The causes included traffic accident injury in 8 cases, crushing injury by machine in 6 cases,burning injury in 1 case, and animal biting injury in 1 case. The locations of soft tissue defect were the dorsum of the foot in 5 cases, the ankle in 4 cases, the planta pedis in 1 case, and the hand and forearm in 6 cases. The time was 2 hours to 45 days from injury to hospitalization（mean, 14.3 days）. All defects were associated with exposure of bone and tendon. The size of wound was from 9.0 cm×4.0 cm to 29.0 cm×8.5 cm. CT angiography（CTA） was performed before operation, and the appropriate perforator as well as the donor site was selected. Then the Mimics15.0 software was used to reconstruct the data of CTA so as to locate the main perforators, design the three-dimensional models of the anterolateral thigh flap, and simulate operation. The flap was obtained according to preoperative plan during operation. The size of flaps varied from 11 cm×5 cm to 31 cm×10 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly in 14 cases and were repaired by free skin graft in 2 cases. Results The lateral femoral circumflex artery identified by Mimics15.0 software before operation,as well as the starting position of its descending branch, the blood vessel diameter at start site, vascular distribution, the maximum cutting length of the vascular pedicle were consistent with the actual observation during operation. All flaps were harvested and were used to repair defect smoothly. Vascular crisis occurred in 1 flap after operation, and the other flaps survived successfully. The wounds and the incisions obtained healing by first intention, and grafted skin survived completely. All cases were followed up 6-17 months（mean, 9 months）. Fifteen flaps had good shape; but a secondstage operation was performed to make the flap thinner in 1 case. At last follow-up, the results were excellent in 3 cases,good in 2 cases, and fair in 1 case according to total active motion（TAM） in 6 cases of hand and forearm injury; the results were excellent in 5 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 2 cases according to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society（AOFAS） in 10 cases of foot injury. The total excellent and good rate was 81.25%. Conclusion The preoperative individualization design of the flap can be realized through CTA digital technology and Mimics15.0 software; it can reduce the operation risk.