瑜伽训练对妊娠中、晚期孕妇心电图及血压的影响

Beneficial Effect of Yoga Practice on Cardiovascular Function of Women in Mid and Late Trimester of Pregnancy

目的:评价瑜伽训练对妊娠中、晚期孕妇心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)及血压的影响。方法:172例孕妇分为瑜伽组和对照组。瑜伽组接受孕期健康指导,于妊娠16周开始进行瑜伽训练,每周2次,每次1 h;对照组怀孕期间从未有意识进行有氧运动。分别取两组孕妇孕中期和孕晚期孕期保健时的心电图及血压测量结果进行研究。结果:孕中期对照组异常心电图发生率明显大于瑜伽组(P<0.05);孕晚期对照组心脏不适感、高血压和异常心电图发生率明显大于瑜伽组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。孕中期对照组舒张压明显高于同孕期瑜伽组(P<0.01);孕晚期对照组舒张压与收缩压均明显高于同孕期瑜伽组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。孕中期对照组心律失常发生率明显大于瑜伽组(P<0.05);孕晚期对照组心律失常、T波低平和电轴左偏发生率明显大于瑜伽组(P<0.05)。孕晚期对照组窦性心动过速、窦性心律不齐、房性早搏、短P-R间期发生率明显大于瑜伽组(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇瑜伽减少孕妇高血压、心肌缺血及心律失常的发生率,对孕期心血管功能有一定改善作用。

Objective To evaluate the effects of Yoga practice on the ECG and blood pressure（BP）of women in mid and late trimester of pregnancy. Methods 166 pregnant women were divided into Yoga practice group and control group. The Yoga practice group began 1-hour Yoga practice from 16 weeks of pregnancy twice a week under the health guidance. The pregnant women in control group just took part in their regular daily activity without any conscious aerobic exercise. The ECG and BP of pregnant women in mid and late pregnancy were evaluated. Results The incidence of abnormal ECG of women in control group was significantly higher than that in Yoga practice group in the mid trimester of pregnancy（P 0.05）. The incidences of palpitations,chest oppression,short of breath,angina,hypertension,and abnormal ECG of women in control group were significantly higher than in Yoga practice group in the late trimester of pregnancy（P〈0.05 to P〈0.01）. The diastolic BP in control group was significantly higher than in Yoga practice group in the mid trimester of pregnancy（P〈0.01）. The diastolic and systolic BP in control group were significantly higher than in Yoga practice group in the late trimester of pregnancy（P 0.05 to P 0.01）. The incidence of arrhythmia in control group was significantly higher than in Yoga practice group in the mid trimester of pregnancy（P〈0.05）. The incidences of arrhythmia,sinus tachycardia,sinus arrhythmia,atrial premature beats,short P-R interval,low T wave,and left axis deviation in control group were significantly higher than in Yoga practice group in the late trimester of pregnancy（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Yoga practice significantly reduces the incidences of hypertension,myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia and improves the cardiovascular function of pregnant woman.