西方马脑炎疫苗研究进展

Advances in the development of vaccines against western equine encephalitis

西方马脑炎是由西方马脑炎病毒感染引起的,经蚊虫传播的急性人兽共患传染病,可引起严重的脑损伤。此外,西方马脑炎病毒也被视为潜在的生物战剂(生物恐怖剂)。目前西方马脑炎尚无获批疫苗和有效药物,研发有效疫苗用于相关人群的免疫接种很有必要。传统灭活病毒疫苗具有良好的免疫保护效能,但为了避免其制备过程中病毒培养对昂贵生物安全3级实验室的依赖以及操作者潜在感染的风险,研究者采用新的生物学技术研发西方马脑炎亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、嵌合体疫苗和重组活载体疫苗等新型疫苗。本文对疫苗的研究进展进行综述。

Western equine encephalitis（WEE） is a mosquito-borne zoonosis caused by western equine encephalitis virus（WEEV）,which can induce severe encephalitis in horses and humans. Furthermore, WEEV is recognized as a potential bio-warfare agent and there are no licensed vaccines and antiviral drugs available for prevention and treatment of WEE. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective vaccines for the immunization of related population. The traditional inactivated vaccine has good protective immunity, however,in order to avoid the risk of potential infection and consequently the expensive dependence on biosafety level 3 laboratory in manipulation of viral particles during the manufacturing process, several new types of vaccines against WEE, such as subunit vaccine,DNA vaccine, chimeric vaccine and recombinant live vaccine have been developed. The progress of the development of vaccines against WEE is reviewed in this article.