中国古代海关思想述评

Review on Customs Thoughts over Two Thought Years in Ancient China

中国古代海关思想和海关机构相伴相生,经历了两千年的传承和变化。为准确把握古代海关思想的性质特点,采用先述后评、先归纳后分析的方法开展研究。古代海关思想按照时序和类型,大体可以分为七个方面,每一方面都有典型的代表人物、鲜明的思想主张和相应的实证效果。以唯物史观分析,古代海关思想是变化、发展的思想体系,表现出现实批判性和海关本体论的特点。历史上发生过春秋战国、明清时期两次海关思想大争鸣,对历史进程进行了思想解放和启蒙。古代海关思想是存史鉴今的宝贵思想财富,无论是用于证实中国古代的经济领先,还是为现时海关提供管理经验,都有重要价值。

Born with customs agency, thoughts of Chinese ancient customs expe sand years of inheritance and changes. In order to accurately grasp the nature and rienced two thou- characteristics of ancient customs thoughts, the article carries out the studies by means of evaluation after summary and a- nalysis after induction. According to chronological order and typology, ancient customs thoughts can be divided into seven schools, each of which has its representatives, typical distinctive thoughts and the corresponding empirical effect. Approached from the historical materialism, ancient customs thoughts are of an evolving thought system, featuring realistic criticism and customs ontology. There were two heated debate on Customs thoughts in the periods of Spring and Autumn and Warring States and the Ming and Qing Dynasty, which emancipated and enlightened the thoughts of the historical process. The ancient customs thought is a valuable treasure, from which we may draw great lessons and inspira- tions. It is of great significance in either to confirm the leading position of Chinese ancient economy, or to provide experience for the current customs administration.