印度应对水危机的政策措施评析

Water Crisis: The Indian Response

印度面临着严重缺水、水资源时空分布失衡、用水效率低下、水污染等严重危机。印方的应对措施包括大量抽取地下水,积极推动"内河联网计划",改革管理机制,执行节水增效计划等,但其成效与执行力度仍远远不够,症结则在于水资源由地方管理导致的"公地悲剧"。印度的水危机短期内难以缓解,中长期前景也不容乐观。水危机及其应对方式将成为印度综合国力发展的决定性因素之一,将直接影响南亚的安全与稳定。

India is suffering water scarcity,imbalance in both space and time,low water use efficiency,and water pollution. India is trying to make an effective response to water crisis,covering groundwater exploitation,National River Inter-linking Program,management reform, and increase of water use efficiency. However, they are far from enough in both effectiveness and implementation,as the consequence of a 'tragedy of the commons'resulted from the State-as-the-main-player water resource management system. Alleviation of water crisis will be a very tough job for India in both near and distant future. Water crisis and New Delhi's policy response will be a major determinant for the comprehensive development of India on the one hand and a leading factor for the security and stability in South Asia.