轨道交通中永磁同步牵引系统的优势与挑战

Overview of Advantages and Challenges of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Traction System in Railway Transit

在轨道交通领域,永磁同步牵引系统经历了多年发展,初步进入了商业化阶段。相比传统的感应电机作为牵引电机的传动系统,永磁同步牵引系统能耗更低;电机功率密度更高,可以在功率较低的场合实现直驱;电机可设计成全密封结构,噪声可明显降低。同时,永磁同步牵引系统也具备一些缺点和特殊性,例如永磁体的失磁风险;牵引系统复杂性较高;控制和故障保护上有特殊性;永磁同步电机制造难度和成本较高等。这些问题都需要引起足够重视和深入研究,才能促进永磁同步牵引系统的成熟和应用。最后展望了永磁同步牵引系统在轨道交通领域中的应用前景:虽然无法取代异步电机牵引系统,但永磁同步牵引系统将以其鲜明的优点,在多元化用户需求和细分市场中占得一席之地。

In the railway transport industry,the permanent magnet synchronous traction system has preliminarily entered into the stage of commercialization,after several years of development.Compared to the traction system employing induction motor which is the mainstream in the railway traction,the permanent magnet synchronous traction system has several advantages such as lower energy consumption,higher power density,possibility of direct dive structure in low power condition,possibility of totally enclosed structure and lower noise.At the same time,it has several noticeable drawbacks due to its specialties which need to be handled seriously before its widely use,such as risk of demagnetization,complexity of the traction system,some specialties problem on the control and protection,relatively high production and cost.At last the prospect of permanent magnet synchronous traction system is concluded：although it cannot replace the induction motor traction system,the permanent magnet synchronous traction system will have a share in the market segments because of diversified needs of users.