杭州市3772名中小学教师健康体检结果分析

Physical examination analysis on the physical examination results of 3 772 middle and primary school teachers in Hangzhou

目的：了解杭州市中小学教师的健康状况，为做好教师卫生保健和健康教育提供依据。方法对2013年度在杭州师范大学附属医院体检中心接受健康体检的3772名中小学教师健康体检资料进行统计分析，分析中小学教师阳性体征和疾病检出情况，并对不同性别、年龄教师的阳性体征和疾病分布情况进行比较。结果中小学教师阳性体征和疾病检出率为99.71%，检出率较高的10种阳性体征和疾病为高脂血症、咽炎、结膜炎、甲状腺结节、超重或肥胖、脂肪肝、过敏性鼻炎、大便隐血试验阳性、心电图异常、高血压，检出率分别为37.73%，37.49%，23.70%，20.86%，16.01%，15.24%，10.87%，9.07%，8.80%，5.41%。女性甲状腺结节检出率高于男性，男性高脂血症、超重或肥胖、脂肪肝、高血压病等检出率高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。高脂血症、甲状脂结节、超重或肥胖、脂肪肝、高血压病和心电图异常的检出率随着年龄增长呈增高趋势，差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。结论中小学教师体检结果显示其患病率或异常率较高。应加强对教师进行卫生保健和疾病预防，建议定期开展相关疾病的宣传教育工作，改变不良的生活行为方式，戒烟限酒，加强体育锻炼。

Objective To investigate the health condition of the middle and primary school teachers in Hangzhou in order to provide the basis for health education. Methods The health results of 3 772 primary and secondary school teachers who accepted physical examination at the health examination center of the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University in 2013 were collected. Results The relevance ratio of positive signs was 99. 71% . The top 10 positive signs were hyperlipidemia,pharyngitis,conjunctivitis,thyroid nokule, overweight or obesity,fatty liver,allergic rhinitis,positive of stool OB,abnormal of ECG,hypertension in order. Those incidences were 37. 73% ,37. 49% ,23. 70% ,20. 86% ,16. 01% ,15. 24% ,10. 87% ,9. 07% , 8. 80% and 5. 41% ,respectively. The occurrence of hyperlipidemia,thyroid nodules,overweight or obesity, fatty liver and high blood pressure was significantly related to gender（P 〈0. 01）;the above five indexes and the occurrence of abnormal ECG was increased with the growth of age（ P 〈0. 01）. Conclusions The physical health conditions of the middle and primary school teachers are not optimistic. The major risk factors that affect the health condition are life behavior,environmental factors and social pressure,so targeted health education is urgently needed.